600 lines
19 KiB
Markdown
600 lines
19 KiB
Markdown
---
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name: dev-cicd
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description: CI/CD 流水线设计、优化与排查。适配 Gitea Actions + Go/Swift/Next.js/Docker 栈。当用户提到 CI、CD、流水线、pipeline、workflow、构建失败、runner 相关任务时自动激活。
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---
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# CI/CD 流水线技能 (dev-cicd)
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## 概述
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管理 Gitea Actions CI/CD 流水线的设计、优化和故障排查。适配技术栈：
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- **Git**: Gitea (self-hosted, GitHub Actions YAML 兼容)
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- **Backend**: Go (Gin + GORM)
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- **iOS**: Swift 6 + SwiftUI + TCA
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- **Web**: Next.js (React)
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- **Container**: Docker + Docker Compose
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- **Registry**: Aliyun ACR
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- **Runners**: self-hosted (Linux) + macos-arm64 (iOS)
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---
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## 命令参考
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| 命令 | 说明 |
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|------|------|
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| `/cicd analyze` | 分析当前 workflow 找优化点 |
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| `/cicd troubleshoot` | 诊断流水线失败原因 |
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| `/cicd template [go\|ios\|web\|docker]` | 生成 workflow 模板 |
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| `/cicd status` | 查看最近 workflow 运行状态 |
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---
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## 1. Pipeline 设计
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### 1.1 Monorepo 路径过滤
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仓库包含多个子项目，用 `paths` 只触发相关构建：
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```yaml
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# .gitea/workflows/ci-cd.yml — Go + Web + Docker
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on:
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push:
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branches: [develop, main]
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paths:
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- 'gateway/**'
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- 'web/**'
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- 'docker/**'
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- 'scripts/**'
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# .gitea/workflows/ios-testflight.yml — iOS 独立
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on:
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push:
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branches: [develop, main]
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paths:
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- 'ios/**'
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```
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### 1.2 Pipeline 结构原则
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```
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快速反馈优先：
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1. 静态检查 (lint/vet) — 秒级
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2. 单元测试 (test) — 1-5 分钟
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3. 构建 (build) — 2-10 分钟
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4. 集成测试 (可选) — 5-15 分钟
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5. 发布 (deploy) — 5-15 分钟
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```
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### 1.3 Go 后端模板
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```yaml
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jobs:
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ci:
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runs-on: self-hosted
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steps:
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- name: Checkout
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run: |
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cd ${{ github.workspace }}
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if [ -d .git ]; then
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git fetch --depth 1 origin ${{ github.ref_name }}
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git reset --hard origin/${{ github.ref_name }}
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else
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git clone --depth 1 --branch ${{ github.ref_name }} \
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http://xiaoqu:${{ secrets.REPO_TOKEN }}@localhost:3000/<org>/<repo>.git .
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fi
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- name: Go Vet
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run: cd gateway && go vet ./...
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- name: Go Test
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run: cd gateway && go test ./... -count=1 -timeout 120s
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- name: Go Build
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run: cd gateway && go build ./cmd/gateway/
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```
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### 1.4 iOS 模板
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```yaml
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jobs:
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ios:
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runs-on: macos-arm64
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if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[skip ci]')"
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steps:
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- name: Checkout
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run: git clone --depth 1 --branch ${{ github.ref_name }} <repo-url> .
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- name: xcodegen
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run: /opt/homebrew/bin/xcodegen generate
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working-directory: ios
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- name: Test
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run: |
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set -o pipefail
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swift test 2>&1 | tee /tmp/test.log | tail -20
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working-directory: ios
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- name: Deploy TestFlight
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env:
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KEYCHAIN_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.KEYCHAIN_PASSWORD }}
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ASC_KEY_ID: ${{ secrets.ASC_KEY_ID }}
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ASC_ISSUER_ID: ${{ secrets.ASC_ISSUER_ID }}
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run: ./scripts/ios-testflight.sh
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```
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### 1.5 Web (Next.js) 模板
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```yaml
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- name: Web Install
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run: cd web && npm ci --legacy-peer-deps
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- name: Web Build
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run: cd web && npm run build
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- name: Docker Build Web
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run: |
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docker build -t $REGISTRY/$WEB_IMAGE:${{ github.sha }} \
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-t $REGISTRY/$WEB_IMAGE:latest ./web
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```
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### 1.6 单 Job vs 多 Job
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| 场景 | 选择 | 原因 |
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|------|------|------|
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| Runner capacity=1 | 单 Job | 多 Job 串行 + 多次 checkout = 更慢 |
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| 多 Runner 可用 | 多 Job + needs | 并行加速 |
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| 不同 OS (Linux+macOS) | 分 Workflow | 不同 runner label |
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**当前推荐**：Linux runner 单 Job（Go+Web+Docker），macOS runner 单 Job（iOS）。
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---
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## 2. 优化
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### 2.1 浅克隆
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```yaml
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# 首次 clone
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git clone --depth 1 --branch ${{ github.ref_name }} <url> .
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# 增量 fetch
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git fetch --depth 1 origin ${{ github.ref_name }}
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git reset --hard origin/${{ github.ref_name }}
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```
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**效果**：仓库含大量二进制文件时，clone 时间从 30s+ 降到 3-5s。
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**注意**：需要 push 时先 `git fetch --unshallow`。
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### 2.2 依赖缓存
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Gitea Actions 不支持 `actions/cache`，但 self-hosted runner 可利用本地磁盘：
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```yaml
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# Go modules — runner 上全局缓存
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env:
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GOMODCACHE: /opt/runner-cache/go/mod
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GOCACHE: /opt/runner-cache/go/build
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# npm — 利用 node_modules 持久化
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# self-hosted runner 的 workspace 在两次运行间保留
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- run: |
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if [ -f web/node_modules/.cache-hash ] && \
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[ "$(cat web/node_modules/.cache-hash)" = "$(md5sum web/package-lock.json | cut -d' ' -f1)" ]; then
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echo "npm cache hit, skip install"
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else
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cd web && npm ci --legacy-peer-deps
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md5sum package-lock.json | cut -d' ' -f1 > node_modules/.cache-hash
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fi
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# SPM — Xcode 自动缓存到 DerivedData，self-hosted runner 保留
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```
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### 2.3 并发取消
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避免同一分支多次 push 排队等待：
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```yaml
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concurrency:
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group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
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cancel-in-progress: true
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```
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### 2.4 条件跳过
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```yaml
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# 跳过 CI Bot 的自动提交
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if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[skip ci]')"
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# 只在 develop 分支部署
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if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop'
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```
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### 2.5 构建产物复用
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```yaml
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# Build once, use in deploy
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- name: Build
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run: go build -o /tmp/gateway ./cmd/gateway/
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- name: Docker Build
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run: |
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# 用已编译的二进制，不在 Docker 内重新编译
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cp /tmp/gateway docker/
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docker build -f docker/gateway.prebuilt.Dockerfile -t $IMAGE .
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```
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### 2.6 Docker Context 瘦身
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**问题**：`docker build` 会将整个 context 目录发送到 daemon。缺少 `.dockerignore` 时，`node_modules`（数百 MB）、`.next/`、`.git/` 等全部传入，导致 `transferring context: 768MB` 耗时 30s+。
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**诊断**：
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```bash
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# 检查 context 大小（模拟 docker build 发送量）
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du -sh --exclude=.git <project-dir>
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# 检查是否有 .dockerignore
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cat <project-dir>/.dockerignore 2>/dev/null || echo "缺少 .dockerignore!"
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```
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**`/cicd analyze` 必查项**：对每个有 Dockerfile 的目录检查 `.dockerignore` 是否存在。缺失则告警。
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**标准 .dockerignore 模板**：
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```
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# Node.js
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node_modules
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.next
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.turbo
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coverage
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# Common
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.git
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.gitignore
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.env*
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*.md
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.vscode
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.idea
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```
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**效果**：Web 项目 context 从 768MB → ~10MB，Docker build 加速 10x。
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**经验教训**：`.gitignore` 不等于 `.dockerignore`。Git 忽略的文件可能在 runner workspace 中存在（如 self-hosted runner 保留的 `node_modules` 缓存），docker build 会把它们全部打包传入。每个有 Dockerfile 的子目录**必须有 `.dockerignore`**。
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---
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## 3. 故障排查
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### 3.1 决策树
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```
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Pipeline 失败
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├── Workflow 没触发
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│ ├── 检查 paths 过滤 → 改动不在匹配路径下
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│ ├── 检查 branch 过滤 → 分支名不匹配
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│ ├── 检查 [skip ci] → commit message 含跳过标记
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│ └── Runner 离线 → Gitea Admin > Runners 检查状态
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│
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├── Checkout 失败
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│ ├── "Authentication failed" → REPO_TOKEN secret 过期/无效
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│ ├── "Connection refused :3000" → Gitea 服务未运行
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│ └── Checkout 很慢 → 加 --depth 1 浅克隆
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│
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├── Go 构建失败
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│ ├── "module not found" → GOPROXY 设置 / go mod tidy
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│ ├── "cannot find package" → go.sum 不完整
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│ └── "go: version mismatch" → runner 上 Go 版本与 go.mod 不匹配
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│
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├── iOS 构建失败
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│ ├── "Macro must be enabled" → 加 -skipMacroValidation
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│ ├── "cannot find type" → xcodegen generate 未运行
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│ ├── "errSecInternalComponent" → unlock-keychain + set-key-partition-list
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│ ├── "No signing certificate" → Xcode > Accounts 登录下载证书
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│ ├── "Redundant Binary Upload" → 递增 CURRENT_PROJECT_VERSION
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│ └── "Missing required icon" → Assets.xcassets 缺 1024x1024 icon
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│
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├── Docker 构建失败/慢
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│ ├── "Cannot connect to daemon" → Docker Desktop 未启动
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│ ├── "unauthorized" / "denied" → docker login 凭据过期 或 ACR namespace 缺失
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│ ├── "no space left" → docker system prune
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│ ├── "transferring context: XXX MB" 很慢 → 缺少 .dockerignore（node_modules 被传入）
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│ ├── build 成功但 push denied → 镜像路径缺 namespace（registry/namespace/image）
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│ ├── docker compose pull 超时 → 不带参数会拉 Docker Hub 上的 postgres/redis，只拉业务镜像
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│ └── docker compose up -d 也会 pull → 加 `--no-deps gateway web` 只重启业务容器
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│
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└── 部署失败
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├── "Connection refused" (SSH) → 目标服务器 SSH 端口/密钥
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├── "health check failed" → 应用启动慢，增加重试等待
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├── "port already in use" → docker compose down 先停旧容器
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├── "no such service: xxx" → 服务器 compose 与 CI 配置不一致
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├── health check 失败但容器在跑 → curl URL 的端口与实际服务端口不匹配
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├── --no-deps 跳过了 nginx → health check 走 port 80 但 nginx 未启动
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├── gateway 无端口映射 → prod compose 不暴露端口，用 docker exec 检查
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└── nginx crash "upstream not allowed" → nginx.conf mount 到 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 覆盖主配置，改 /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
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```
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### 3.2 常见错误速查
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| 错误 | 原因 | 修复 |
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|------|------|------|
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| `errSecInternalComponent` | SSH 会话无法访问 Keychain | `security unlock-keychain` + `set-key-partition-list` |
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| `Macro "X" must be enabled` | Swift Macros 安全限制 | `-skipMacroValidation` |
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| `cannot find type 'Foo'` | xcodeproj 未包含新文件 | `xcodegen generate` |
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| `Redundant Binary Upload` | build number 重复 | 递增 `CURRENT_PROJECT_VERSION` |
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| `Cloud signing permission error` | API Key 权限不足或 Issuer ID 错误 | 用手动签名 + 本地 profile |
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| `HTTP 401 Unauthorized` (ASC API) | JWT 缺少 `kid` header | `headers={"kid": KEY_ID}` |
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| `No profiles for bundle id` | 无 distribution profile | 在 Apple Developer 创建并安装 |
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| `transferring context: 768MB` | 缺 .dockerignore | 创建 .dockerignore 排除 node_modules/.next/.git |
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| `denied: requested access` (push) | ACR 镜像路径缺 namespace | registry/**namespace**/image |
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| `docker compose pull` 超时 | 拉了 Docker Hub 的 postgres/redis | `docker compose pull gateway web` 只拉业务镜像 |
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| `docker compose up -d` 也超时 | up 隐含 pull 所有 service | `docker compose up -d --no-deps gateway web` |
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| health check 失败但容器在跑 | curl URL 端口 ≠ 服务端口 | 检查 nginx(80) vs gateway(8080)，直接 `curl :8080/health` |
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| `--no-deps` 后 nginx 没启动 | nginx 被 no-deps 跳过 | 显式加 `--no-deps gateway web nginx` |
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| `no such service: xxx` | 服务器 compose 缺 service | SSH 检查实际 compose 文件 |
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| gateway healthy 但 curl 不通 | prod compose 无端口映射 | `docker exec <container> wget -q -O- localhost:8080/health` |
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| nginx `upstream not allowed` | nginx.conf mount 到 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf | 改 mount 到 `/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf` |
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| `missing icon file 120x120` | 无 App Icon asset | 创建 Assets.xcassets + AppIcon |
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| `UIInterfaceOrientation` iPad | 缺 iPad 方向声明 | 四方向 + `UIRequiresFullScreen` |
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### 3.3 调试技巧
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```bash
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# 查看 Gitea runner 状态
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curl -s -H "Authorization: token <TOKEN>" \
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http://<gitea>/api/v1/repos/<org>/<repo>/actions/runners
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# 查看最近 workflow 运行
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curl -s -H "Authorization: token <TOKEN>" \
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http://<gitea>/api/v1/repos/<org>/<repo>/actions/runs?limit=5
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# 本地模拟 CI 环境
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# Go
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docker run -v $(pwd):/app -w /app golang:1.25 go build ./cmd/gateway/
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# iOS — 只能在 macOS 上
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ssh bjwework "cd ~/workspace/xiaoqu-ai/ios && swift test"
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```
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---
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## 4. 安全
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### 4.1 Secrets 管理
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```bash
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# 通过 Gitea API 配置 secrets（不要手动编辑 workflow 文件）
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curl -X PUT -H "Authorization: token <ADMIN_TOKEN>" \
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-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
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"http://<gitea>/api/v1/repos/<org>/<repo>/actions/secrets/<NAME>" \
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-d '{"data": "<VALUE>"}'
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```
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**必需 Secrets 清单**：
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| Secret | 用途 | 轮换周期 |
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|--------|------|---------|
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| `REPO_TOKEN` | Git clone 认证 | 按需 |
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| `ACR_USERNAME` / `ACR_PASSWORD` | Docker 镜像推送 | 90 天 |
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| `SSH_PRIVATE_KEY` | 服务器部署 | 按需 |
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| `KEYCHAIN_PASSWORD` | macOS 签名解锁 | 改密码时 |
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| `ASC_KEY_ID` / `ASC_ISSUER_ID` | App Store Connect | 按需 |
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| `FEISHU_WEBHOOK` | 通知 | 不过期 |
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### 4.2 防泄漏检查清单
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- [ ] `.gitignore` 包含 `.env`、`*.p8`、`*.pem`、`*.mobileprovision`
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- [ ] Workflow 中无硬编码密码/token（全走 `${{ secrets.* }}`）
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- [ ] 脚本用 `${VAR:?error}` 强制要求环境变量（不用默认值暴露凭据）
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- [ ] Docker 镜像不包含 `.env` 文件（Dockerfile 有 `.dockerignore`）
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- [ ] Git remote URL 不含 token（用 secrets 注入）
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### 4.3 提交前检查
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```bash
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# 扫描即将提交的文件是否含密钥
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git diff --cached --name-only | xargs grep -lE \
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'(PRIVATE KEY|password|secret|token|apikey)' 2>/dev/null
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```
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---
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## 5. 监控
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### 5.1 查看 Pipeline 状态
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```bash
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# 最近运行
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curl -s -H "Authorization: token <TOKEN>" \
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"http://<gitea>/api/v1/repos/<org>/<repo>/actions/runs?limit=5" | \
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python3 -c "
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import json, sys
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for r in json.load(sys.stdin).get('workflow_runs', []):
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print(f\"{r['id']} | {r['display_title'][:40]} | {r['status']} | {r['conclusion']}\")
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"
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```
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### 5.2 飞书通知模板
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```yaml
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# 成功/失败通知（在 workflow 最后一步 if: always()）
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- name: Notify
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if: always()
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run: |
|
||
STATUS="${{ job.status }}"
|
||
EMOJI=$([ "$STATUS" = "success" ] && echo "✅" || echo "❌")
|
||
COLOR=$([ "$STATUS" = "success" ] && echo "green" || echo "red")
|
||
cat > /tmp/notify.json << EOF
|
||
{
|
||
"msg_type": "interactive",
|
||
"card": {
|
||
"header": {
|
||
"title": {"tag": "plain_text", "content": "$EMOJI <App> $STATUS"},
|
||
"template": "$COLOR"
|
||
},
|
||
"elements": [{
|
||
"tag": "div",
|
||
"text": {"tag": "lark_md", "content": "**分支**: ${{ github.ref_name }}\n**提交**: ${{ github.sha }}\n**触发**: ${{ github.event.head_commit.message }}"}
|
||
}]
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
EOF
|
||
curl -s -X POST "${{ secrets.FEISHU_WEBHOOK }}" \
|
||
-H "Content-Type: application/json" -d @/tmp/notify.json || true
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 5.3 构建时间追踪
|
||
|
||
在 workflow 首尾加时间戳：
|
||
|
||
```yaml
|
||
steps:
|
||
- name: Start Timer
|
||
run: echo "BUILD_START=$(date +%s)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
|
||
|
||
# ... 构建步骤 ...
|
||
|
||
- name: Report Duration
|
||
if: always()
|
||
run: |
|
||
DURATION=$(( $(date +%s) - $BUILD_START ))
|
||
echo "Build duration: ${DURATION}s"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 6. Runner 管理
|
||
|
||
### 6.1 Runner 类型
|
||
|
||
| Runner | 标签 | 用途 | 位置 |
|
||
|--------|------|------|------|
|
||
| xiaoqu-runner | `self-hosted` | Go + Web + Docker | 阿里云 39.104.65.241 |
|
||
| bjwework-macos | `macos-arm64` | iOS + Swift | Tailscale 100.69.230.116 |
|
||
|
||
### 6.2 新增 Runner
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 1. 获取注册 token
|
||
curl -s -H "Authorization: token <ADMIN_TOKEN>" \
|
||
"http://<gitea>/api/v1/repos/<org>/<repo>/actions/runners/registration-token"
|
||
|
||
# 2. 注册
|
||
./act_runner register --no-interactive \
|
||
--instance http://<gitea> \
|
||
--token <TOKEN> \
|
||
--name <NAME> \
|
||
--labels <LABEL>:host
|
||
|
||
# 3. 启动（macOS 用 launchd）
|
||
launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/com.gitea.act-runner.plist
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 6.3 Runner 健康检查
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 检查 runner 进程
|
||
ssh bjwework "launchctl list | grep act-runner"
|
||
|
||
# 检查 runner 日志
|
||
ssh bjwework "tail -20 ~/act_runner/runner.log"
|
||
|
||
# 检查 Gitea 上的 runner 状态
|
||
curl -s -H "Authorization: token <TOKEN>" \
|
||
"http://<gitea>/api/v1/repos/<org>/<repo>/actions/runners" | \
|
||
python3 -c "import json,sys; [print(f\"{r['name']} | {r['status']}\") for r in json.load(sys.stdin)]"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 7. Workflow 模板生成
|
||
|
||
### `/cicd analyze` 检查清单
|
||
|
||
执行时自动扫描以下项目：
|
||
|
||
1. **Workflow YAML** — 语法检查、路径过滤、并发取消、[skip ci]
|
||
2. **Docker context** — 每个有 Dockerfile 的目录是否有 `.dockerignore`（**必查**）
|
||
3. **Secrets** — workflow 中是否有硬编码凭据、路径
|
||
4. **缓存** — 是否利用了依赖缓存（npm/Go/SPM）
|
||
5. **浅克隆** — checkout 是否用了 `--depth 1`
|
||
6. **镜像命名** — ACR/registry 路径是否包含 namespace
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 快速扫描命令
|
||
echo "=== .dockerignore 检查 ==="
|
||
find . -name Dockerfile -exec sh -c 'DIR=$(dirname "{}"); [ -f "$DIR/.dockerignore" ] && echo "✅ $DIR" || echo "❌ $DIR 缺少 .dockerignore"' \;
|
||
|
||
echo "=== 硬编码凭据检查 ==="
|
||
grep -rn 'password\|secret\|token' .gitea/workflows/ | grep -v 'secrets\.' | grep -v '#'
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### `/cicd template go`
|
||
|
||
生成 Go 后端 CI workflow，含 vet → test → build → docker → deploy。
|
||
|
||
### `/cicd template ios`
|
||
|
||
生成 iOS TestFlight workflow，含 xcodegen → test → archive → upload → notify。
|
||
|
||
### `/cicd template web`
|
||
|
||
生成 Next.js CI workflow，含 install → build → docker → deploy。
|
||
|
||
### `/cicd template docker`
|
||
|
||
生成 Docker multi-service build+push workflow，含 ACR 登录 → 多镜像构建 → SSH 部署。
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 8. CD 部署前验证清单
|
||
|
||
**每次修改 deploy 步骤前必须逐项确认：**
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
1. 服务器 compose 有哪些 service？
|
||
→ ssh <server> "docker compose -f <file> config --services"
|
||
|
||
2. CI deploy 启动了哪些 service？
|
||
→ grep "up -d" .gitea/workflows/ci-cd.yml
|
||
|
||
3. health check URL 指向哪个端口？
|
||
→ grep "curl.*health" .gitea/workflows/ci-cd.yml
|
||
|
||
4. 该端口由哪个 service 服务？
|
||
→ port 80 = nginx, port 8080 = gateway, port 3001 = web
|
||
|
||
5. 该 service 是否在 deploy 启动列表中？
|
||
→ 如果 health check 走 nginx:80，deploy 必须包含 nginx
|
||
|
||
6. 基础服务（postgres/redis）是否已运行？
|
||
→ docker compose ps 检查，不要在 CI 中重启它们
|
||
|
||
7. Docker Hub 可达吗？
|
||
→ 国内服务器必须配镜像源，或只拉 ACR 镜像
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**部署命令标准模板：**
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 只拉业务镜像（不触碰 Docker Hub）
|
||
docker compose -f docker-compose.prod.yml pull gateway web
|
||
|
||
# 只重启业务容器 + nginx（不动 postgres/redis）
|
||
docker compose -f docker-compose.prod.yml up -d --no-deps gateway web nginx
|
||
|
||
# 直接检查 gateway 端口（不依赖 nginx）
|
||
sleep 10
|
||
curl -sf http://localhost:8080/health
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 9. 与其他技能的关系
|
||
|
||
| 技能 | 协作点 |
|
||
|------|--------|
|
||
| `dev-deploy` | `/deploy ios` 执行 TestFlight 部署，`/deploy docker` 执行容器部署 |
|
||
| `dev-coding` | 开发完成后触发 CI |
|
||
| `req` | `/req deploy` 项目级批量部署 |
|
||
| `pull-request` | PR 触发 CI 检查 |
|
||
| `req-test-gate` | CI 中的测试门禁 |
|