158 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
158 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
# iOS 测试 (XCTest + Swift Concurrency)
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## 测试框架
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- **XCTest**: Apple 官方测试框架
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- **Swift Testing**: Swift 6 新测试框架 (可选)
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- **ViewInspector**: SwiftUI 视图测试 (第三方)
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## 运行测试
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```bash
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# 全部测试
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xcodebuild test \
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-scheme AI-Proj-iOS \
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-destination 'platform=iOS Simulator,name=iPhone 16' \
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-quiet
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# 特定测试类
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xcodebuild test \
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-scheme AI-Proj-iOS \
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-destination 'platform=iOS Simulator,name=iPhone 16' \
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-only-testing:AI-Proj-iOSTests/DashboardViewModelTests
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# 覆盖率
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xcodebuild test \
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-scheme AI-Proj-iOS \
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-destination 'platform=iOS Simulator,name=iPhone 16' \
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-enableCodeCoverage YES
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```
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## 项目测试结构 (AI-Proj-iOS)
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```
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AI-Proj-iOSTests/
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├── Mocks/
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│ ├── MockServices.swift # Mock 服务协议实现
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│ └── MockNetworkService.swift
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├── ViewModels/
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│ ├── DashboardViewModelTests.swift
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│ ├── TaskViewModelTests.swift
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│ └── RequirementViewModelTests.swift
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├── Services/
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│ ├── TaskServiceTests.swift
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│ └── DashboardAggregationServiceTests.swift
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├── Models/
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│ └── ModelDecodingTests.swift
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└── Utilities/
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└── DateFormatterTests.swift
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```
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## 关键模式
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### 1. Mock 服务 — Result 注入
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```swift
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class MockTaskService: TaskServiceProtocol {
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var fetchTasksResult: Result<TaskListResponse, Error> = .success(.mock)
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func fetchTasks(...) async throws -> TaskListResponse {
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switch fetchTasksResult {
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case .success(let response): return response
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case .failure(let error): throw error
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}
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}
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}
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```
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所有 Mock 服务统一用 `Result` 属性控制成功/失败返回。
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### 2. ViewModel 测试 — @MainActor + async
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```swift
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@MainActor
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final class DashboardViewModelTests: XCTestCase {
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var sut: DashboardViewModel!
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var mockService: MockDashboardAggregationService!
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override func setUp() {
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super.setUp()
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mockService = MockDashboardAggregationService()
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sut = DashboardViewModel(dashboardService: mockService)
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}
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override func tearDown() {
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sut = nil; mockService = nil
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super.tearDown()
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}
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func testLoadDashboardData_Success() async {
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mockService.fetchDashboardDataResult = .success(expectedData)
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await sut.loadDashboardData()
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XCTAssertFalse(sut.isLoading)
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XCTAssertEqual(sut.todayStats.completedTasks, 5)
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}
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}
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```
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要点：`@MainActor` + `async` 测试方法 + setUp/tearDown 重置。
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### 3. Mock 数据工厂 — 静态 `.mock()` 方法
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```swift
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extension TaskModel {
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static func mock(id: Int = 1, status: TaskStatus = .todo) -> TaskModel {
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TaskModel(id: id, title: "Mock Task", status: status, ...)
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}
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}
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extension TaskListResponse {
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static var mock: TaskListResponse {
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TaskListResponse(tasks: [.mock(id: 1), .mock(id: 2)], total: 2, page: 1, pageSize: 20)
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}
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}
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```
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### 4. 模型解码测试 — JSON → Model
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```swift
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func testTaskModel_DecodesFromJSON() throws {
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let json = """
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{ "id": 123, "status": "in_progress", "priority": "high", ... }
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""".data(using: .utf8)!
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let task = try decoder.decode(TaskModel.self, from: json)
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XCTAssertEqual(task.status, .inProgress)
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}
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```
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### 5. SwiftUI 视图测试 — ViewInspector
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```swift
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extension EnhancedStatsSection: Inspectable {}
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func testStatsSection_DisplaysCorrectValues() throws {
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let view = EnhancedStatsSection(stats: .mock)
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let text = try view.inspect().find(text: "5")
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XCTAssertNotNil(text)
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}
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```
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## 最佳实践
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1. **@MainActor** — ViewModel 测试必须在主线程
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2. **Mock 所有依赖** — 协议抽象 + Result 注入
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3. **async/await** — 避免 XCTestExpectation 回调
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4. **数据工厂** — `.mock()` 静态方法，参数带默认值
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5. **隔离测试** — setUp/tearDown 重置所有状态
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6. **命名** — `test<Method>_<Scenario>` 格式
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## Xcode 快捷键
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| 快捷键 | 操作 |
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|--------|------|
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| `Cmd + U` | 运行所有测试 |
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| `Ctrl + Opt + Cmd + U` | 运行当前测试方法 |
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| `Ctrl + Opt + Cmd + G` | 重新运行上次测试 |
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| `Cmd + 6` | Test Navigator |
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